Efectes de la WeMO en la quantitat i la química de les precipitacions hivernals al nord-est de la Península Ibèrica

pp. -
DOI
10.3369/tethys.2013.10.05
Article complet
pdf

Autor

La classificació clúster d'orígens en un emplaçament del nord-est de la península Ibèrica va indicar que durant el període d'hivern perllongat (de desembre a març, DGFM), els ràpids corrents d'aire de l'Atlàntic corresponen a l'índex WeMO (WeMOi) positiu, mentre que el WeMOi negatiu està associat a les circulacions mediterrànies. La quantitat de precipitació hivernal estava inversament relacionada amb el WeMOi hivernal. Els fluxos de precipitacions humides d'ions derivats marins (Na+, Mg2+ i Cl-) i derivats antropogènics (NO3- i K+) estaven relacionats amb el WeMOi hivernal d'una manera significativa (i negativa). La fase negativa de la WeMO provoca l'entrada de masses d'aire enriquides amb ions marins del Mediterrani a la Península Ibèrica. Per a NO3- aquest resultat suggereix l'advecció sobre el Mediterrani de masses d'aire contaminat del sud d'Europa i l'escombratge i dipòsit d'aquesta contaminació provocats per la pluja durant les fases negatives de la WeMO. Això aportarà contaminants de llarg termini al NE de la Península Ibèrica, però els contaminants locals també hi podrien contribuir ja que els esdeveniments de precipitació del Mediterrani (associats al WeMOi negatiu) podrien incorporar emissions antropogèniques locals que augmentarien durant els episodis d'anticiclons hivernals típics de la regió.

  • - Artz, R., Pielke, R. A., i Galloway, J., 1985: Comparison of the ARL/ATAD constant level and the NCAR isentropic trajectory analyses for selected case studies, Atmos Environ, 19, 47–63, doi: 10.1016/0004-6981(85)90135-0.
  • - Àvila, A., 1996: Time trends in the precipitation chemistry at a mountain site in Northeastern Spain for the period 1983-1994, Atmos Environ, 36, 2881–2890, doi: 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00472-6.
  • - Àvila, A. i Rodà, F., 2012: Changes in atmospheric deposition and streamwater chemistry over 25 years in undisturbed catchments in a Mediterranean environment, Sci Total Environ, 434, 18–27, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.062
    .
  • - Calbó, J., Sanchez-Lorenzo, A., Barrera-Escoda, A., i Cunillera, J., 2012: Climate change projections for Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula). Part II: Integrating several methodologies, Tethys, 9, 13-24, doi: 10.3369/tethys.2012.9.02.
  • - Cusack, M., Alastuey, A., Pérez, N., i Querol, X., 2012: Trends of particulate matter (PM2,5) and chemical composition at a regional background site in the Western Mediterranean over the last nine years (2002-2010), Atmos Chem Phys, 12, 8341–8357.
  • - Dayan, U. i Lamb, D., 2003: Meteorological indicators of summer precipitation chemistry in central Pennsylvania, Atmos Environ, 37, 1045–1055, doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00992-5.
  • - Draxler, R. R. i Rolph, G. D., 2003: HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model access via NOAA ARL READY website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html), NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD.
  • - EEA, 2012: Air quality in Europe - 2012 report, European Environment Agency’s Topic Centre for Air and Climate Change Mitigation (ETC/ACM), Copenhagen, Denmark, 10 pp.
  • - Escudero, M., Stein, A., Draxler, R. R., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Castillo, S., i Avila, A., 2006: Determination of the contribution of northern Africa dust source areas to PM10 concentrations over the central Iberian Peninsula using the Hybrid Single. Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) model, J Geophys Res, 111, D06 210, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006395.
  • - Escudero, M., Querol, X., Avila, A., i Cuevas, E., 2007: Origin of the exceedances of the European daily PM limit value in regional background areas of Spain, Atmos Environ, 41, 730-744, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.014.
  • - Fagerli, H. i Aas,W., 2008: Trends of nitrogen in air and precipitation: Model results and observation at EMEP sites in Europe, 1980-2003, Environ Pollut, 154, 448–461, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.024.
  • - Fowler, D., Smith, R., Muller, J., Cape, J. N., Sutton, M., Erisman, W. E., i Fagerli, H., 2007: Long term trends in sulphur and nitrogen deposition in Europe and the cause of non-linearities, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 7, 41–47, doi: 10.1007/s11267-006-9102-x.
  • - Gonzalez-Hidalgo, J. C., Lopez-Bustins, J. A., Stepánek, P., Martin-Vide, J., i de Luis, M., 2009: Monthly precipitation trends on the Mediterranean fringe of the Iberian Peninsula during the second-half of the twentieth century (1951-2000), Int J Climatol, 29, 1415–1429, doi: 10.1002/joc.1780.
  • - Harrison, R. M. i Pio, C., 1983: Size differentiated composition of inorganic aerosol of both marine and continental polluted origin, Atmos Environ, 17, 1733–1738, doi: 10.1016/0004-6981(83)90180-4.
  • - IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007. The Physical Science Basis, Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M., Miller, H.L. (Eds.), Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp.
  • - Izquierdo, R. i Àvila, A., 2012: Comparison of collection methods to determine atmospheric deposition in a rural Mediterranean site (NE Spain), J Atmos Chem, 69, 351–368, doi: 10.1007/s10874-012-9246-1.
  • - Izquierdo, R., Àvila, A., i Alarcón, M., 2012: Trajectory statistical analysis of atmospheric transport patterns and trends in precipitation chemistry of a rural site in NE Spain in 1984-2009, Atmos Environ, 61, 400–408, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.060.
  • - López-Bustins, J. A., Martin-Vide, J., i Sánchez-Lorenzo, A., 2008: Iberia winter rainfall trends based upon changes in teleconnection and circulation patterns, Global and Planetary Change, 63, 171–176, doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.09.002.
  • - Lovett, G. M., 1994: Atmospheric deposition of nutrients and pollutants in North America: an ecological perspective, Ecol Appl, 4, 629–650, doi: 10.2307/1941997.
  • - Millán, M. M., Artíñano, B., Alonso, L. A., Navazo, M., i Castro, M., 1991: The effect of meso-scale flows on regional and long-range atmospheric transport in the Western Mediterranean area, Atmos Environ, 25, 949–963, doi: 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90137-V.
  • - Millán, M. M., Salvador, R., Mantilla, E., i Kallos, G., 1997: Photo-oxidant dynamics in the Mediterranean basin in summer: results from European research projects, J Geophys Res, 102, 8811–8823, doi: 10.1029/96JD03610.
  • - Pérez, N., Pey, J., Castillo, S., Viana, M., Alastuey, A., i Querol, X., 2008: Interpretation of the variability of levels of regional background aerosol in the Western Mediterranean, Sci Total Environ, 407, 527–540, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.09.006.
  • - Pey, J., Pérez, N., Castillo, S., Viana, M., Moreno, T., Pandolfi, M., López-Sebastián, J. M., Alastuey, A., i Querol, X., 2009: Geochemistry of regional background aerosols in the Western Mediterranean, Atmos Res, 94, 422–435, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.07.001.
  • - Pey, J., Pérez, N., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Cusack, M., i Reche, C., 2010: Intense Winter atmospheric pollution episodes affecting the Western Mediterranean, Sci Total Environ, 408, 1951–1959, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.052.
  • - Prado-Fiedler, R., 1990: On the relationship between precipitation amount and wet deposition of nitrate and ammonium, Atmos Environ, 24, 3061–3065, doi: 10.1016/0960-1686(90)90484-5.
  • - Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Rodríguez, S., Viana, M. M., Artíñano, B., Salvador, P., Mantilla, E., García do Santos, S., Fernandez-Patier, R., de la Rosa, J., Sanchez de la Campa, A., Menéndez, M., i Gil, J. J., 2004: Levels of PM in rural, urban and industrial sites in Spain, Sci Total Environ, 334-335, 359–376, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.04.036.
  • - Rodríguez, S., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., i Mantilla, E., 2003: Events affecting levels and seasonal evolution of airborne particulate matter concentrations in the Western Mediterranean, Environ Sci Technol, 37, 216–222, doi: 10.1021/es020106p.
  • - Salvador, P., Artíñano, B., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., i Costoya, M., 2007: Characterisation of local and external contributions of atmospheric
    particulate matter at a background coastal site    , Atmos Environ, 41, 838–845, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.007.
  • - Seinfeld, J. A. and Pandis, S. N., 1998: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, JohnWiley and Sons, Inc., New York.

Revista publicada conjuntament per:

Logotip Associació Catalana de Meteorologia

Logotip Universitat de les Illes Balears

     

Creative Commons License
Aquesta obra està subjecta a una llicència de Creative Commons.
Indexats a Scopus, Thomson-Reuters Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Scientific Commons, Latindex, Google Scholar, DOAJ, ICYT (CSIC)Finançat parcialment per les Accions Complementàries CGL2007-29820-E/CLI, CGL2008-02804-E/, CGL2009-07417-E i CGL2011-14046-E del Ministeri de Ciència i Innovació del Govern d'Espanya